High cholesterol or triglycerides (dyslipidemia)

This ratio evaluates overall cholesterol relative to protective HDL cholesterol. It is a commonly used measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk.

This ratio compares LDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a protein present on atherogenic lipoproteins. It helps distinguish how cholesterol is distributed among particles. A lower ratio suggests many small, dense LDL particles, which are more prone to penetrate artery walls and drive plaque formation.

Triglycerides are the main form of fat stored in the body and circulating in blood. They serve as an energy source and are derived from calories not immediately used. Elevated levels increase risk of cardiovascular disease.

Non-HDL cholesterol represents all potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, calculated by subtracting HDL from total cholesterol. It includes LDL, VLDL, and other cholesterol-carrying particles associated with cardiovascular risk.

Known as "bad cholesterol," it can accumulate in arterial walls, forming plaques that narrow blood vessels and increase risk of heart attack and stroke.

Often called "good cholesterol," it helps remove excess cholesterol from your arteries and transports it to the liver for processing, offering protection against atherosclerosis and heart disease.

The overall amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream. High levels can increase risk of heart disease.

A protein found on the surface of all atherogenic lipoproteins including LDL. Since each ApoB particle contains one lipoprotein, ApoB levels directly reflect the number of potentially harmful particles in circulation. Elevated levels strongly correlate with increased cardiovascular risk, and often provide a more accurate risk assessment than LDL alone.

A logarithmic ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol [log₁₀(TG/HDL-C)] that reflects the balance between atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. The logarithmic transformation converts the TG/HDL ratio into a scale that correlates directly with LDL particle size and the proportion of small, dense LDL particles. AIP integrates information about all lipoprotein fractions into a single value that indicates overall atherogenic potential.

A calculated ratio comparing "bad" cholesterol (LDL) to "good" cholesterol (HDL). providing a single metric that reflects the balance between cholesterol delivery to tissues and cholesterol removal from arterial walls. This ratio integrates both atherogenic and protective lipid factors into one value that indicates net cardiovascular risk.