Perimenopause

Progesterone is a hormone produced after ovulation and during pregnancy. It plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus for pregnancy, and supporting early pregnancy. In non-pregnant women, progesterone drops trigger menstruation.

The LH/FSH ratio compares levels of luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone, both produced by the pituitary gland. While FSH stimulates egg follicle development in the ovaries, LH triggers ovulation and supports progesterone production. The ratio between these hormones provides crucial insights into ovarian function and reproductive health that neither hormone alone can reveal.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. In women, it triggers ovulation and supports estrogen and progesterone production, while in men it stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates egg development in ovaries and sperm production in testes. FSH levels vary throughout the menstrual cycle, surge during ovulation, and rise drastically after menopause when ovaries stop responding.

The primary active estrogen in the body. Estradiol is produced in the gonads (ovaries and testes) and in adipose tissue. It plays a central role in bone metabolism, cardiovascular protection, brain function, mood regulation, and reproductive health. Levels vary with the menstrual cycle and decline significantly during menopause. Low levels are associated with reduced bone density, mood disturbances, and impaired fertility. Elevated levels may indicate hormonal imbalance or increased aromatase activity.