Inflammation of the liver due to fat accumulation (NASH/MASH)

The HOMA index estimates insulin resistance using fasting glucose and insulin values.

Fat stored around internal organs within the abdominal cavity. VAT is metabolically active and produces inflammatory cytokines and hormones that affect insulin sensitivity and metabolism. Excessive VAT is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a blood marker used to detect low levels of inflammation in the body. It is a more precise version of standard CRP testing and is especially useful for assessing cardiovascular risk, as even mild inflammation can contribute to heart disease.

This ratio compares two liver enzymes to give insight into liver health.

FIB-4 combines age, platelet count, and liver enzymes to estimate the degree of liver fibrosis.

Direct bilirubin forms when the liver processes bilirubin so it can be excreted.

Proton Density Fat Fraction measurement of the liver, quantifying hepatic fat content. Elevated values indicate hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), which may progress to more severe liver disease.

GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase): An enzyme particularly sensitive to alcohol consumption and certain medications. Elevated GGT can indicate bile duct issues, fatty liver disease, or alcohol-related liver damage.

A yellow pigment produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin for elimination. Elevated total bilirubin can indicate liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or increased red blood cell destruction.

An enzyme present in liver, heart, muscle, and other tissues. While less specific to the liver than ALAT, elevated levels often indicate liver damage when other liver markers are also abnormal.

Found in multiple tissues (liver, bones, kidneys, and bile ducts), this enzyme helps break down proteins and is essential for many bodily functions. In liver contexts, elevated ALP often suggests bile duct obstruction.

The most abundant protein in blood plasma, produced by the liver. In kidney contexts, low levels in blood may indicate protein loss through damaged kidneys, while presence of albumin in urine (albuminuria) is an important marker of kidney damage.

ALAT (Alanine Aminotransferase): An enzyme primarily found in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged, ALAT leaks into the bloodstream, making it a sensitive indicator of liver injury from various causes.

This ratio reflects the conversion efficiency from DGLA to arachidonic acid and the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory omega-6 metabolites.