Crohn's disease

The absolute count of neutrophils per liter of blood. While neutrophil percentage shows the proportion among white blood cells, the absolute count reveals the actual number available to fight infections. This is clinically essential, because a normal percentage can mask a dangerously low absolute count if total white blood cells are reduced.

Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood that includes immunoglobulins (antibodies), transport proteins, and complement proteins. It is calculated by subtracting albumin from total protein. The albumin-to-globulin ratio helps assess liver function, kidney health, immune system activity, and nutritional status.

Magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy production, protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.

SIRI combines neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes to evaluate immune response and inflammation severity.

SII integrates neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts into a single measure of immune and inflammatory status.

NLR reflects the balance between neutrophils which drive early inflammation and lymphocytes which regulate immune control.

ESR measures the speed at which red blood cells settle in a tube over one hour. It is a broad indicator of inflammation.

Neutrophils (primary bacterial fighters) respond rapidly to acute infections.

Monocytes develop into macrophages that kill pathogens and dead cells.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a blood marker used to detect low levels of inflammation in the body. It is a more precise version of standard CRP testing and is especially useful for assessing cardiovascular risk, as even mild inflammation can contribute to heart disease.

Red Cell Distribution Width (Coefficient of Variation) measures the variation in red blood cell size. Elevated values indicate greater variation in cell size (anisocytosis) and can help diagnose certain anemias.

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues throughout the body. It also plays a role in transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts like a hormone in the body. It's essential for calcium absorption, bone health, immune function, and muscle performance. The body can produce it through sunlight exposure, but it can also be obtained from food and supplements.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the production of red blood cells, the synthesis of DNA, and the healthy functioning of the nervous system. It also supports brain function and energy metabolism. The body cannot make B12 on its own and relies on dietary sources such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Excess B12 is stored in the liver, so deficiency can take time to develop but may lead to serious health issues if not addressed.

Total protein measures all proteins in blood plasma, primarily albumin and globulins. It helps evaluate nutritional status, liver function, and immune system health.

Folic acid, or folate in its natural form, is a water-soluble B vitamin that plays a key role in cell division, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. It is especially important during periods of rapid growth, such as pregnancy and adolescence. Folate is found in leafy greens, legumes, citrus fruits, and fortified foods. The body cannot produce folate and depends on regular dietary intake.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it when needed. Ferritin levels in the blood reflect the body's iron storage.

The most abundant protein in blood plasma, produced by the liver. In kidney contexts, low levels in blood may indicate protein loss through damaged kidneys, while presence of albumin in urine (albuminuria) is an important marker of kidney damage.

A calculated value comparing albumin (the main transport protein made by the liver) to globulins (a diverse group including antibodies, clotting factors, and inflammatory proteins). Since albumin normally comprises about 60% of total protein and globulins 40%, this ratio reflects the balance between liver synthetic function, nutritional status, and immune/inflammatory activity.